Child level

Same level

Genera

Species: Encephalomyocarditis virus

Serotype: Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)		5' UTR L VP4 VP2 VP3 VP1 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 3D 3' UTR

(White areas indicate genes which haven't yet been sequenced completely; grey areas are where only partial sequences exist)

References

Amineva S.P., Aminev A.G., Andreev V.G., Orljankin B.G., Gusev A.A. Diagnostic porcine encephalomyocarditis virus by nested polymerase chain reaction. Unpublished. [All-Russian Research Institute for Animal Health, Vladimir, 600900, Russia]

Bae, Y.S., Eun, H.M. and Yoon, J.W. (1989). Genomic differences between diabetogenic and nondiabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus. Virology 170: 282-287.

Bae, Y.S., Eun, H.M., Pon, R.G., Giron, D. and Yoon, J.W. (1990). Two amino acids, Phe-16 and Ala776 on the polyprotein are most likely responsible for diabetogenicity of EMC virus. J. gen. Virol. 71: 639-645.

Cohen S.H., Naviaux R.K., Vanden Brink K.M., Jordan G.W. (1988). Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of diabetogenic and nondiabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus. Virology 166: 603-607.

Denis, P., Liebig, H.D., Nowotny, N., Billinis, C., Papadopoulos, O., O’Hara, R.S., Knowles, N.J. and Koenen, F. (2006). Genetic variability of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) isolates. Veterinary Microbiology 113: 1-12.

Drake, N.L., Palmenberg, A.C., Ghosh, A., Omilianowski, D.R. and Kaesberg, P. (1982). Identification of the polyprotein termination site on encephalomyocarditis viral RNA. J. Virol. 41: 726-729.

Duke, G.M., Hoffman, M.A. and Palmenberg, A.C. (1992). Sequence and structural elements that contribute to efficient encephalomyocarditis virus RNA translation. J. Virol. 66: 1602-1609.

Eun, H.M., Bae, Y.S. and Yoon, J.W. (1988). Amino acid differences in capsid protein, VP1, between diabetogenic and nondiabetogenic variants of encephalomyocarditis virus. Virology 163: 369-373.

Fata-Hartley, C.L. and Palmenberg, A.C. (2005). Dipyridamole reversibly inhibits mengovirus RNA replication. J. Virol. 79: 11062-11070.

Grachev, S.A., Pletnev, A.G., Vassilenko, S.K., Petrov, N.A., Chizhikov, V.E. and Chumakov, K.M. (1983). Nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminus of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA. Bioorg. Khim. 9: 986-989.

Guy, M., Chilmonczyk, S., Cruciere, C., Eloit, M. and Bakkali-Kassimi, L. (2009). Efficient infection of buffalo rat liver-resistant cells by encephalomyocarditis virus requires binding to cell surface sialic acids. J. Gen. Virol. 90: 187-196.

Hammoumi, S., Guy, M. and Bakkali-Kassimi, L. Attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus to primary human cardiomyocytes is mediated by heparan sulfate and/or sialic acid. Unpublished. [Virology, UMR1161, 7 Av General de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort 94704, France]

Jordan, G.W., Cohen, S.H., Dandekar, S. and VandenBrink, K.M. (1987). The genomic RNA of diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus: characterization and molecular cloning. Virology 159: 120-125.

Kassimi, L.B., Boutrouille, A., Gonzague, M., Lipobo, A. and Cruciere, C. (2002). Nucleotide sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of an RT EMCV strain isolated from aborted swine fetus. Virus Res. 83: 71-87.

Knowles, N.J., Dickinson, N.D., Wilsden, G., Carra, E., Brocchi, E. and De Simone, F. (1998). Molecular analysis of encephalomyocarditis viruses isolated from pigs and rodents in Italy. Virus Research 57: 53-62.

Knowles, N.J., Dickinson, N.D., Wilsden, G., Billinis, C., Paschaleri-Papadopoulou, E. and Papadopoulos, O. Genetic analysis of encephalomyocarditis viruses isolated from pigs with acute fatal myocarditis in Greece and Cyprus. Unpublished data.

Koenen, F., Vanderhallen, H., Papadopoulos, O., Billinis, C., Paschaleri-Papadopoulou, E., Brocchi, E., De Simone, F., Carra, E. and Knowles, N.J. (1997). Comparison of the pathogenic, antigenic and molecular characteristics of two encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) isolates from Belgium and Greece. Research in Veterinary Science 62: 239-244.

Koenen, F., Vanderhallen, H., Dickinson, N.D. and Knowles, N.J. (1999). Phylogenetic analysis of European encephalomyocarditis viruses: comparison of two genomic regions. Archives of Virology 144: 893-903.

LaRue R., Myers S., Brewer L., Shaw D.P., Brown C., Seal B.S. and Njenga M.K. (2003). A wild-type porcine encephalomyocarditis virus containing a short poly(C) tract is pathogenic to mice, pigs, and cynomolgus macaques. J. Virol. 77: 9136-9146.

Mann, L.M., Anderson, K., Luo, M. and Bond, C.W. (1992). Molecular and structural basis of hemagglutination in mengovirus. Virology 190: 337-345.

Martin, L.R., Neal, Z.C., McBride, M.S. and Palmenberg, A.C. (2000). Mengovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus poly(C) tract lengths can affect virus growth in murine cell culture. J. Virol. 74: 3074-3081.

Meng, X.J., Paul, P. and Vaughn, E.M. Nucleotide sequence of the VP1 gene of swine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) NVSL-FL strain. Unpublished. (P.S. Paul, Iowa State University, Blvd 6 VMRI, 1802 Elwood Drive, Ames IA 50010, USA)

Nelsen-Salz, B., Zimmermann, A., Wickert, S.T., Arnold, G., Botta, A., Eggers, HJ. and Kruppenbacher, J.P. (1996). Analysis of sequence and pathogenic properties of two varients of encephalomycarditis virus differing in a single amino acid in VP1. Virus Res. 41: 109-122.

Palmenberg, A.C. and Duke, G.M. The genomic sequence of Mengovirus and its relationship to other cardioviruses. Unpublished. (Department of Veterinary Sciences and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA)

Palmenberg, A.C., Kirby, E.M., Janda, M.R., Drake, N.L., Duke, G.M., Potratz, K.F. and Collett, M.S. (1984). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the encephalomyocarditis viral polyprotein coding region. Nucl. Acids Res. 12: 2969-2985.

Petrov, N.A., Chizhikov, V.E., Blinov, V.M., Karginov, V.A., Mikryukov, N.N., Gutorov, V.V., Grishaev, M.P., Beklemishev, A.B. and Vassilenko, S.K. (1984). Nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminus of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA. Bioorg. Khim. 10: 274-279.

Porter, A.G., Merregaert, J., Van Emmelo, J. and Fiers, W. (1978). Sequence of 129 nucleotides at the 3'-terminus of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA. Eur. J. Biochem. 87: 551-561.

Song, M.S., Lee, E.H., Shin, J.-Y., Joo, E. and Choi, Y.-K. Genetic characterization of Encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from aborted swine fetus in Korea. Unpublished. [College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-736, Republic of Korea]

Tan, B.-H. Genetic isolation of an Encephalomyocarditis-like virus isolated from orangutan. Unpublished. [Defense Medical Research Institute, Defense Science & Technology Agency, Clinical Research Center, MD11, #02-12, 10 Medical Drive 117597, Singapore]

Tan, B.-H. and Yap, E.P.H.Genetic identification of an encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from orang utan. Unpublished.

Vartapetian, A.B., Mankin, A.S., Shripkin, E.V., Chumakov, K.M., Smirnov, V.D., and Bogdanov, A.A. (1983). The primary and secondary structure of the 5'-end region of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA: a novel approach to sequencing long RNA molecules. Gene 26:189-195.

Zhang, G., Guo, X. and Yang, H. Molecular characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from China. Unpublished. [Preventive Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China]

Zhao, T., Zhang, J., Ge, X., Guo, X. and Yang, H. Analysis of genomic molecular characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from different hosts. Unpublished. [College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China]

Zimmermann, A., Nelsen-Salz, B., Kruppenbacher, J.P. and Eggers H.J. (1994). The complete nucleotide sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of a highly virulent encephalomyocarditis virus. Virology 203: 366-372.

Zimmern, D. and Kaesberg, P. (1978). 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA determined by reverse transcriptase and chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 4257-4261.