Human parechovirus

Child level

Same level

Genera

The species Human parechovirus consists of eight types, HPeV-1 to 8. HPeV-1 and HPeV-2, were formerly classified in the enterovirus genus as echovirus 22 and 23, respectively. Another isolate, 86-6760, originally classified as E-23/HPeV-2 (based on serological cross-reactions) has been re-classified as HPeV-5.

Prototype strains

Type	Strain	Accession	Reference
HPeV-1	Harris	L02971	Hyypiä et al., 1992
HPeV-2	Williamson	AJ005695	Ghazi et al., 1998
HPeV-3	A308/99	AB084913	Ito et al., 2004
HPeV-4	T75-4077	AM235750	Al-Sunaidi et al., 2006
HPeV-5	86-6760	AF055846	Oberste et al., 1998
HPeV-6	NII561-2000	AB252582	Watanabe et al., 2007
HPeV-7	PAK5045	to follow	Li et al., unpub.
HPeV-8	BR/217/2006	to follow	Drexler et al., unpub.

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree (Neighbor-joining) showing the relationships between the parechoviruses. (To be updated soon)

References

Abed, Y. and Boivin, G. (2005). Molecular characterization of a Canadian human parechovirus (HPeV)-3 isolate and its relationship to other HPeVs. J. Med. Virol. 77: 566-570.

Al-Sunaidi, M., Williams, C.H., Hughes, P.J., Schnurr, D.P. and Stanway G. (2006). Analysis of a new human parechovirus allows the definition of parechovirus types and the identification of RNA structural domains. J. Virol. Sep 27; [Epub ahead of print]

Benschop, K.S.M., Schinkel, J., Luken, M.E., van den Broek, P.J.M., Beersma, M.F.C., Menelik, N., van Eijk, H.W.M., Zaaijer, H.L., VandenBroucke-Grauls, C.M.J.E., Beld, M.G.H.M. and Wolthers, K.C. (2006). Fourth human parechovirus serotype. Emerging Infect. Dis. 12, 1572-1575.

Ghazi, F., Hughes, P.J., Hyypiä, T. and Stanway, G. (1998). Molecular analysis of human parechovirus 2 (formerly echovirus 23). Journal of General Virology 79: 2641-2650.

Hyypiä, T., Horsnell, C., Maaronen, M., Khan, M., Kalkkinen, N., Auvinen, P., Kinnunen, L. and Stanway, G. (1992). A distinct picornavirus group identified by sequence analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 89: 8847-8851.

Ito, M., Yamashita, T., Tsuzuki, H., Takeda, N. and Sakae, K. (2004). Isolation and identification of a novel human parechovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 391-398.

Li, L., Victoria, J., Kapoor, A. and Delwart, E. Genomic characterization of a novel human parechovirus genotype. Unpublished.

Manzara, S., Muscillo, M., La Rosa, G., Marianelli, C., Cattani, P. and Fadda, G. Biological and molecular characterization of human enteroviruses. Unpublished. [Environmental Hygiene, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, RM 00199, Italy]

Oberste, M.S., Maher, K. and Pallansch, M.A. (1998). Complete sequence of echovirus 23 and its relationship to echovirus 22 and other human enteroviruses. Virus Research 56: 217-223.

Stanway, G., Kalkkinen, N., Roivainen, M., Ghazi, F., Khan, M., Smyth, M., Meurman, O. and Hyypiä, T. (1994). Molecular and biological characteristics of echovirus 22, a representative of a new picornavirus group. J. Virol. 68: 8232-8238.

Watanabe, K., Oie, M., Higuchi, M., Nishikawa, M. and Fujii, M. (2007). Isolation and characterization of novel human parechovirus from clinical samples. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13: 889-895.