Human parechovirus

Child level

Same level

Genera

The species Human parechovirus consists of 16 types, HPeV-1 to 16. HPeV-1 and HPeV-2, were formerly classified in the enterovirus genus as echovirus 22 and 23, respectively. Another isolate, CT86-6760, originally classified as E-23/HPeV-2 (based on serological cross-reactions) has been re-classified as HPeV-5.

Search for Human parechovirus sequences on GenBank

Genome organisation

VPg+5'UTR^IRES-II[1AB-1C-1D/2A^H-Box/NC-2B-2C/3A-3B^VPg-3C^pro-3D^pol]3'UTR-poly(A)

Prototype strains

Type	Strain	Accession	Reference
HPeV-1	Harris	L02971	Hyypiä et al., 1992
HPeV-2	Williamson	AJ005695	Ghazi et al., 1998
HPeV-3	A308/99	AB084913	Ito et al., 2004
HPeV-4	K251176-02	DQ315670	Benschop et al., 2006
HPeV-5	CT86-6760	AF055846	Oberste et al., 1998
HPeV-6	NII561-2000	AB252582	Watanabe et al., 2007
HPeV-7	PAK5045	EU556224	Li et al., 2009
HPeV-8	BR/217/2006	EU716175	Drexler et al., 2009
HPeV-9	BAN2004-10902	n/a	Oberste et al., unpub.
HPeV-10	BAN2004-10903	n/a	Oberste et al., unpub.
HPeV-11	BAN2004-10905	n/a	Oberste et al., unpub.
HPeV-12	BAN2004-10904	n/a	Oberste et al., unpub.
HPeV-13	BAN2005-10901	n/a	Oberste et al., unpub.
HPeV-14	451564 (NL, 2004)	FJ373179	Benschop et al., 2008
HPeV-15	BAN-11614	n/a	Oberste et al., unpub.
HPeV-16	BAN-11615	n/a	Oberste et al., unpub.

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree (Neighbor-joining) showing the relationships between the parechoviruses
(P1 amino acid sequences)

References

Abed, Y. and Boivin, G. (2005). Molecular characterization of a Canadian human parechovirus (HPeV)-3 isolate and its relationship to other HPeVs. J. Med. Virol. 77: 566-570.

Al-Sunaidi, M., Williams, C.H., Hughes, P.J., Schnurr, D.P. and Stanway G. (2006). Analysis of a new human parechovirus allows the definition of parechovirus types and the identification of RNA structural domains. J. Virol. Sep 27; [Epub ahead of print]

Benschop, K.S.M., Schinkel, J., Luken, M.E., van den Broek, P.J.M., Beersma, M.F.C., Menelik, N., van Eijk, H.W.M., Zaaijer, H.L., VandenBroucke-Grauls, C.M.J.E., Beld, M.G.H.M. and Wolthers, K.C. (2006). Fourth human parechovirus serotype. Emerging Infect. Dis. 12, 1572-1575.

Benschop, K., Thomas, X., Serpenti, C., Molenkamp, R. and Wolthers, K. (2008). High prevalence of human parechovirus (HPeV) genotypes in the Amsterdam region and identification of specific HPeV variants by direct genotyping of stool samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 3965-3970. Epub 2008 Oct 22.

Drexler, J.F., Grywna, K., Stöcker, A., Silva Almeida, P., Medrado Ribeiro, T.C., Eschbach-Bludau, M. Petersen, N., da Costa Ribeiro, Jr., H. and Drosten, C. (2009). Novel human parechovirus from Brazil. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15: 310-313. [DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.081028].

Ghazi, F., Hughes, P.J., Hyypiä, T. and Stanway, G. (1998). Molecular analysis of human parechovirus 2 (formerly echovirus 23). Journal of General Virology 79: 2641-2650.

Hyypiä, T., Horsnell, C., Maaronen, M., Khan, M., Kalkkinen, N., Auvinen, P., Kinnunen, L. and Stanway, G. (1992). A distinct picornavirus group identified by sequence analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 89: 8847-8851.

Ito, M., Yamashita, T., Tsuzuki, H., Takeda, N. and Sakae, K. (2004). Isolation and identification of a novel human parechovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 391-398.

Li, L., Victoria, J., Kapoor, A., Naeem, A., Shaukat, S., Sharif, S., Alam, M.M., Angez, M., Zaidi, S.Z. and Delwart, E. (2009). Genomic characterization of a novel human parechovirus type. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15: 288-291 [DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.080341].

Manzara, S., Muscillo, M., La Rosa, G., Marianelli, C., Cattani, P. and Fadda, G. Biological and molecular characterization of human enteroviruses. Unpublished. [Environmental Hygiene, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, RM 00199, Italy]

Oberste, M.S., Maher, K. and Pallansch, M.A. (1998). Complete sequence of echovirus 23 and its relationship to echovirus 22 and other human enteroviruses. Virus Research 56: 217-223.

Stanway, G., Kalkkinen, N., Roivainen, M., Ghazi, F., Khan, M., Smyth, M., Meurman, O. and Hyypiä, T. (1994). Molecular and biological characteristics of echovirus 22, a representative of a new picornavirus group. J. Virol. 68: 8232-8238.

Watanabe, K., Oie, M., Higuchi, M., Nishikawa, M. and Fujii, M. (2007). Isolation and characterization of novel human parechovirus from clinical samples. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13: 889-895.