The
Picornavirus
Pages
 Avian PLV

Child level

Avian ELV 2
Cockatoo ELV
Guineafowl TEV
Turkey ELV
Turkey pseudo EV

Same level

Home
Up
Amphibian PLV
Avian PLV
Fish PLV
Mammalian PLV
Reptile PLV

Genera

Aalivirus
Ampivirus
Aphthovirus
Aquamavirus
Avihepatovirus
Avisivirus
Bopivirus
Cardiovirus
Cosavirus
Crohivirus
Dicipivirus
Enterovirus
Erbovirus
Gallivirus
Harkavirus
Hepatovirus
Hunnivirus
Kobuvirus
Kunsagivirus
Limnipivirus
Megrivirus
Mischivirus
Mosavirus
Orivirus
Oscivirus
Parechovirus
Pasivirus
Passerivirus
Potamipivirus
Rabovirus
Rosavirus
Sakobuvirus
Salivirus
Sapelovirus
Senecavirus
Shanbavirus
Sicinivirus
Teschovirus
Torchivirus
Tremovirus
Unassigned
 
avian entero-like virus 2   (AELV-2)
cockatoo entero-like virus   (CELV)
guineafowl transmissible enteritis virus   (GTEV)
turkey entero-like virus   (TELV)
turkey pseudo enterovirus 1 & 2   (TPEV-1 & 2)

 

Classification Common name Strain Origin Host species Disease produced References
Picornaviridae,
Avihepatovirus
DHV I H England Ducks Hepatitis Asplin, 1958;
Tauraso et al., 1969
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
DHV II     Ducks Hepatitis  
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
DHV III Toth USA? Ducks Hepatitis Toth, 1969;
Haider and Calnek, 1979
? India DHV   India Duck Hepatitis Rao and Gupta, 1967
? Egypt DHV   Egypt Duck Hepatitis Shalaby et al., 1978
Picornaviridae,
Tremovirus
AEV A37020* USA? Fowl, turkeys Encephalo-myelitis ?
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
ANV-1 G 4260 Japan Fowl Nephritis Yamaguchi et al., 1978
? ANV-2 M-6 and M-8 Japan Fowl Nephritis Shirai et al., 1991
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
ANV-2 ? Japan Fowl Nephritis? Imada et al., unpublished
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
ANV-3 WG-3, -4, and -5 Japan Fowl Nephritis Shirai et al., 1991
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
ELV-1   Scotland Fowl Runting
syndrome
McNulty et al., 1984
Picornaviridae,
Megrivirus
ELV-2 EF84/700 Northern Ireland Fowl normal McNulty et al., 1987
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
ELV-3 FP3 UK Fowl dead-in-shell chicks Spackman et al., 1984
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
ELV-4 612 South Africa Fowl respiratory problems McNeilly et al., 1994
Astroviridae,
Avastrovirus
TELV     Turkeys enteritis Guy and Barnes, 1991
Picornaviridae,
unassigned
THV Scotland Turkeys Hepatitis? MacDonald et al., 1982
? TPEV   France Turkeys ? Andral and Toquin, 1984
?  GTEV     Guineafowl enteritis Pascucci and Lavazza, 1993
             

*, Van Roekel strain
AEV, avian encepalomyelitis virus
DHV, duck hepatitis virus
ANV, avian nephritis virus
ELV, entero-like viruses
ELPs, enterovirus like particles (not cultivatable in cell cultures)
GTEV, guineafowl transmissible enteritis virus
TELV, turkey entero-like virus
TPEV, turkey pseudo enterovirus


References

Alexander, D.J., Gough, R.E., Wyeth, P.J., Lister, S.A. and Chettle, N.J. (1986). Viruses associated with turkey rhinotracheitis in Great Britain. Vet. Rec. 118: 217-218.

Andral, B. and Toquin, D. (1984). Observations et isolements de psuedopicornavirus a partir de dindonneaux malades. Avian Pathology 13: 377- 388.

Andral, B., Lagadic, M., Bennejean, G., Toquin, D. and Florent, J.M. (1990). Picorna-like viruses of young turkeys: pathogenesis of a disease of poults caused by a picorna-like virus. Avian Pathology 19: 245-252. (or -254?)

Asplin, F.D. (1956).

Asplin, F.D. (1958). Vet. Rec. 70: 1226-1230.

Asplin, F.D. (1961). Notes on epidemiology and vaccination for virus hepatitis of ducks. Bull. Off. int. Epizoot. 56: 793-800.

Asplin, F.D. (1965). Duck hepatitis: Vaccination against two serological types. Veterinary Record 77: 1529-1530.

Burke, C.N., Luginbuhl, R.E. and Jungherr, E.L. (1959). Avian enteric cytopathogenic viruses. I. Isolation. Avian Diseases 3: 412-419.

Butterfield, W.K., Helmboldt, C.F. and Luginbuhl, R.E. (1969). Studies on avian encephalomyelitis. IV. Early incidence and longevity of histopathologic lesions in chickens. Avian Diseases 13: 53-57.

Butterfield, W.K., Luginbuhl, R.E. and Helmboldt, C.F. (1969). Characterization of avian encephalomyelitis virus (an avian enterovirus). Avian Diseases 13: 363-378.

Calnek, B.W. (1993). Avian encephalomyelitis. In: Virus Infections of Vertebrates, volume 4. Virus Infections of Birds. Ed. J.B. McFerran and M.S. McNulty. Chapter 31, pp 469-478. Elsevier: Amsterdam.

Calnek, B.W. (1993). Duck virus hepatitis. In: Virus Infections of Vertebrates, volume 4. Virus Infections of Birds. Ed. J.B. McFerran and M.S. McNulty. Chapter 33, pp 485-495. Elsevier: Amsterdam.

Calnek, B.W., Luginbuhl, R.E., McKercher, P.D. and Van Roekel, H. (1961). Committee report on a tentative program for the control of avian encephalomyelitis. Avian Diseases 5: 456-460.

Davis, D. (1987). Triple plaque purified strains of duck hepatitis virus and their potential as vaccines. Research in Veterinary Science 43: 44-48.

Davis, D. and Woolcock, P.R. (1986). Passage of duck hepatitis virus in cell cultures derived from avian embryos of different species. Research in Veterinary Science 41: 133-134.

Decaesstecker, M. and Meulemans, G. (1991). An ELISA for the detection of antibodies to avian nephritis virus and related entero-like viruses. Avian Pathology 20: 523-530.

Decaesstecker, M., Charlier, G. and Meulemans, G. (1986). Significance of parvoviruses, entero-like viruses and reoviruses in the aetiology of the chicken malabsorbtion syndrome. Avian Pathology 15: 769-782.

Deshmukh, D.R., Hohlstein, W.M., McDowell, J.R. and Pomeroy, B.S. (1971). Prevalence of avian encephalomyelitis in turkey breeder flocks. Am. J. vet. Res. 32: 1263-1267.

Fabricant, J., Rickard, C.G. and Levine, P.P. (1957). The pathology of duck virus hepatitis Avian Diseases 1: 256-275 .

Fabricant, J. and Levine, P.P. (1984). Duck virus hepatitis. In Diseases of Poultry, 8th edition. Ch.24 pp 535-542. Ed. M.S. Hofstad. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

Folkers, C., Jaspers, D., Stumpel, M.E.M. and Wittevrongel, E.A.E. (1976). Vaccination against avian encephalomyelitis with special reference to the spray method. Developments in Biological Standardization 33: 364-369.

Frazier, J.A., Farmer, H. and Martland, M.F. (1986). Enteric virus-like particles associated with a stunting syndrome of chickens. Vet. Rec. 118: 303- 304.

Frazier, J.A., Howes, K., Reece, R.L., Kidd, A.W. and Cavanagh, D. (1990). Isolation of non-cytopathic viruses implicated in the aetiology of nephritis and baby chick nephropathy and serologically related to avian nephritis virus. Avian Pathology 19: 139-160.

Friend, M. and Trainer, D.O. (1972). Experimental duck virus hepatitis in the mallard. Avian Diseases 16: 692-699.

Gosting, L.H., Grinnell, B.W. and Matsumoto, M. (1980). Physico-chemical and morphological characteristics of avian encephalomyelitis virus. Veterinary Microbiology 5: 87-100.

Gough, R.E., Borland, E.D., Keymer, I.F. and Stuart, J.C. (1985). An outbreak of duck hepatitis type II in commercial ducks. Avian Pathology 14: 227-236.

Guy, J.S. and Barnes, H.J. (1991). Partial characterization of a turkey enterovirus-like virus. Avian Diseases 35: 197-203.

Haider, S.A. and Calnek, B.W. (1979). In vitro isolation, propagation, and characterization of duck hepatitis virus type III. Avian Diseases 23: 715-729.

Hanson, L.E., Rhoades, H.E. and Schricker, R.L. (1964). Properties of duck hepatitis virus. Avian Diseases 8: 196-202.

Hanson, L.E. and Tripathy, D.N. (1976). Oral immunization of ducklings with attenuated duck hepatitis virus. Developments in Biological Standardization 33: 357-363.

Hayhow, C.S. and Saif, Y.M. (1993). Development of an antigen-capture enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay for detection of enterovirus in commercial turkeys. Avian Diseases 37: 375-379.

Hayhow, C.S. and Saif, Y.M. (1993). Experimental infection of specific- pathogen-free turkey poults with single and combined enterovirus and group A rotavirus. Avian Diseases 37: 546-557.

Hayhow, C.S., Parwani, A.V. and Saif, Y.M. (1993). Single-stranded genomic RNA from turkey enterovirus-like virus. Avian Diseases 37: 558-560.

Hayhow, C.S., Saif, Y.M, Kerr, K.M. and Whitmoyer, R.E. (1993). Further observations on enterovirus infection in specific-pathogen-free turkey poults. Avian Diseases 37: 124-134.

Ikeda, S. (1977). Immunodiffusion test in avian encephalomyelitis. I. Standardization of procedure and detection of antigen in infected chickens and embryos. Nat. Inst. Anim. Hlth. Quart. 17: 81-87.

Imada, T. (1993). Avian nephritis virus infection. In: Virus Infections of Vertebrates, volume 4. Virus Infections of Birds. Ed. J.B. McFerran and M.S. McNulty. Chapter 32, pp 479-483. Elsevier: Amsterdam.

Jones, 1932

Klein, P.N., Castro, A.E., Meteyer, C.U., Reynolds, B., Swartzman-Andert, J.A., Cooper, G., Chin, R.P. and Shivaprasad, H.L. (1991). Experimental transmission of turkey viral hepatitis to day-old poults and identification of associated viral particles resembling picornaviruses. Avian Diseases 35: 115-125

Luginbuhl, R.E., Helmboldt, C.F and Calnek, B.W. (1984). Avian encephalomyelitis (epidemic tremor). In Diseases of Poultry, 8th edition. Ch.20 pp 471-481. Ed. M.S. Hofstad. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

MacDonald, J.W., Randall, C.J., Dagless, M.D. and Gray, E.W. (1982). Picorna- like virus causing hepatitis and pancreatitis in turkeys. Vet. Rec. 111: 323.

Matsumoto, M., Wangelin, J.R. and Murphy, M.L. (1978). Purification of avian encephalomyelitis by ultracentrifugation in a nonlinear cesium chloride gradient. Avian Diseases 22: 496-502.

McFerran, J.B. (1993). Other avian enterovirus infections. In: Virus Infections of Vertebrates, volume 4. Virus Infections of Birds. Ed. J.B. McFerran and M.S. McNulty. Chapter 34, pp 497-503. Elsevier: Amsterdam.

McFerran, J.B. and McNulty, M.S. (1986). Recent advances in enterovirus infections of birds. In: Acute Virus Infections of Poultry. Ed. J.B. McFerran and M.S. McNulty. pp. 195-202. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.

McNeilly, F., Connor, T.J., Calvert, V.M., Smyth, J.A., Curran, W.L., Morley, A.J., Thomson, D., Singh, S., McFerran, J.B., Adair, B.M. and McNulty, M.S. (1994). Studies on a new enterovirus-like virus isolated from chickens. Avian Pathology 23: 313-327.

McNulty, M.S., Allan, G.M., Connor, T.J., McFerran, J.B. and McCracken, R.M. (1984). An entero-like virus associated with the runting syndrome in broiler chickens. Avian Pathology 13: 429-439.

McNulty, M.S., Allan, G.M. and McFerran, J.B. (1987). Isolation of a novel avian entero-like virus. Avian Pathology 16: 331-337.

McNulty, M.S., Connor, T.J., McNeilly, F. and McFerran, J.B. (1990). Biological characterization of avian enteroviruses and enterovirus-like viruses. Avian Pathology 19: 75-87.

McOrist, S., Madill, D., Adamson, M. and Philip, C. (1991). Viral enteritis in cockatoos (Cacatua spp.). Avian Pathology 20: 531-539.

Nicholas, R.A.J., Wood, G.W., Hopkins, I.G. and Thornton, D.H. (1986). Detection of avian encephalomyelitis virus. Res. vet. Sci. 40: 118-122.

Sandhu, T.S., Calnek, B.W. and Zeman, L. (1992). Pathological and serological characterisation of a variant of duck hepatitis type I virus. Avian Diseases 36: 932-936.

Smart, I.J., Grix, D.C. and Barr, D.A. (1986). The application of the ELISA to the diagnosis and control of avian encephalomyelitis. Aust. vet. J. 63: 297-299.

Pascucci, S. and Lavazza, A. (1993). Avian enterovirus diseases with special reference to the enterovirus of guineafowl transmissible enteritis. Zootecnica International 4: 25-42 (It; en; 72933).

Rao and Gupta, 1967

Rispens, B.H. (1969). Some aspects of control of infectious hepatitis in ducklings Avian Diseases 13: 417-426.

Shafren, D.R. and Tannock, G.A. (1992). Further evidence that the nucleic acid of avian encephalomyelitis virus consists of RNA. Avian Diseases 36: 1031-1033

Shalaby et al., 1978

Shirai, J., Nakamura, K., Shinohara, K. and Kawamura, H. (1991). Pathogenicity and anigenicity of avian nephritis isolates. Avian Diseases 35: 49-54.

Shirai, J., Tanimura, N., Uramoto, K., Narita, M, Nakamura, K. and Kawamura, H. (1992). Pathogenically and serlogically different avian nephritis virus isolates implicated in etiology of baby chick nephropathy. Avian Diseases 36: 369-377.

Snoeyenbos, G.H., Basch, H.I. and Sevoian, M. (1959). An infectious agent producing hepatitis in turkeys. Avian Diseases 3: 377-388.

Spackman, D., Gough, R.E., Collins, M.S. and Lanning, D. (1984). Isolation of an enterovirus-like agent from the meconium of dead-in-shell chicken embryos. Veterinary Record 114: 216-218.

Takase, K., Shinohara, K., Tsuneyoshi, M., Yamamoto, M. and Yamada, S. (1989). Isolation and characterisation of cytopathic avian enteroviruses from broiler chicks. Avian Pathology 18: 631-642.

Tannock, G.A. and Shafren, D.R. (1985). A rapid procedure for the purification of avian encephalomyelitis viruses. Avian Diseases 29: 312-321.

Taylor, P.J. and Calnek, B.W. (1962). Isolation and classification of avian enteric cytopathogenic agents. Avian Diseases 6: 51-58.

Tauraso, N.M, Coghill, G.E. and Klutch, M.J. (1969). Properties of the attenuated vaccine strain of duck hepatitis virus. Avian Diseases 13: 321-329.

Todd, D., Smyth, V.J., Ball, N.W., Donnelly, B.M., Wylie, M., Knowles, N.J. and Adair, B.M. (2009). Identification of chicken enterovirus-like viruses, duck hepatitis virus (DHV) type 2 and DHV type 3 as astroviruses. Avian Pathol 38: 21–30.

Toth, T.E. (1969). Studies of an agent causing mortality among ducklings immune to duck virus hepatitis. Avian Diseases 13: 834-846.

Tsuneyoshi et al., 1987

Van Steenis, G. (1971). Survey of various avian species for neutralizing antibody and susceptibility to avian encephalomyelitis virus. Research in Veterinary Science 12: 308-311.

Wylie, S.L. and Pass, D.A. (1989). Investigations of an enteric infection of cockatoos caused by an enterovirus-like agent. Australian Veterinary Journal 66: 321-324.

Yamaguchi, S., Imada, T. and Kawamura, H. (1979). Characterization of a picornavirus isolated from broiler chicks. Avian Diseases 23: 571-581.

Yong-Siu Lu (1983). Epidemiological studies on duck viral hepatitis. Jour. Chinese Soc. Vet. Sic. 9: 11-18.